RDF - tire – plastic wastes - biomass is an ecological and economic resource!

Renewable energy production is a very good business opportunity for businesses.

Extra profit, investment that pays off in 40-60 months ROE (Return on Equity) 15 – 25%

Electricity energy from wastes

• The population of our planet is constantly growing, so the amount of waste generated is also constantly growing, which can be used to generate electricity. Solar and wind energy are our ideal energy sources, but we also need to deal with waste, because it is slowly covering our planet. Electricity covers all our energy needs, there is no need for oil and coal, we can cook with electricity in the kitchen, use electric cars, cool and heat our homes.

• We build power plants that use syngas from tires and RDF as fuel for gas turbines. Our entire gasification process does not produce pyrolysis oil, coal dust, oil sludge, wastewater. Syngas is NOx-free, CO2 emissions are reduced. The synthetic gas produced is the fuel for gas turbines. There is no water consumption, so it can be used in desert environments, where drinking water is still a great value. Our goal is to provide the population of their settlements with locally produced energy from locally generated and locally collected waste, creating local jobs.

• Our waste recovery's environmental protection innovation incorporates microwave technology. The microwave radiant in reactor space it creates a high-temperature field (electron temperature 6500°C) that efficiently disintegrates all complex compounds, such as resins, aromatic molecules, tars, etc. This technology leverages the intrinsic properties of microwave plasma for the effective decomposition of gaseous components. High temperatures in plasma jets can disintegrate organic or biological materials, neutralize potent toxins, and melt or vaporize stubborn inorganic substances, thus reducing waste significantly.

⚡ Electricity Output: 2 MW – 12 MW per Module

Each processing module can generate 2 to 12 megawatts of continuous electrical power, depending on the waste composition and the selected operating mode. This modular design enables scalable deployment — from compact industrial units to multi‑module, utility‑scale power blocks.

Electricity production can operate independently or as part of the integrated value chain (syngas → methanol → hydrogen → ammonia), providing flexible revenue streams and grid‑support capabilities.

Molecular Recycling of Waste

Breakthrough Waste-to-Energy Innovation. The next generation oxygen-free microwave steam plasma (MSP) gasification system. We build electric power plants, the power plant's energy source is syngas from waste gasification. We have developed a two-stage waste gasification system that uses 1500°C microwave steam plasma, which completely decomposes organic matter and produces soot-free, NOx-free, high-hydrogen syngas. No pyrolysis oil, no coke dust, minimal solid residue and inert.

New and unique 50% syngas recirculation → self-stabilizing, energy-saving operation

• Recycled gas balances the fluctuating heating value of municipal solid waste (MSW).

• The reactor's thermal equilibrium is close to self-sustaining with minimal external energy requirements.

• Recirculation increases the lower heating value (LHV) of the gas, making the turbine branch more efficient.

• Such recirculation logic is not found in any conventional gasifier.

Microwave steam plasma – ultra-clean, high-intensity conversion

• Microwave-excited steam plasma provides equivalent reaction intensity above 1400–1500°C.

• Complete tar and plastic degradation at the molecular level.

• Turbine-grade, H₂/CO-rich synthesis gas without nitrogen dilution.

• NOx-free operation, as the process is completely oxygen- and air-free.

• The CaO–MgO phases of the dolomite bind HCl and SO₂, stabilize the slag and reduce corrosion.

Key technological innovations

· Microwave steam plasma (MSP) technology

· Reaction intensity equivalent to 1400–1500°C

· Complete degradation of tar and complex organic matter

· Ultra-pure H₂/CO rich synthesis gas without nitrogen dilution

· NOx-free operation (no air injection)

· 10–12 MJ/Nm³ turbine-grade synthesis gas

· Near zero tar and particulate content

· Inert slag for construction purposes

· 90–120°C waste heat for district heating

The system:

· eliminates tar formation

· minimizes emissions

· delivers exceptional financial performance

· through electricity and district heating integration

District heating integration

· 0.8–1.5 MWth thermal output per MW

· 10–18% annual additional revenue

· High biogenic municipal solid waste ratio → +0.9–1.3 million euros additional revenue per MW per year

· IRR growth: 28–36% → 35–42%

· Stable, long-term cash flow

CO₂ reduction and ESG benefits

· No combustion → no flue gas scrubber, no NOx

· 40–55% biogenic carbon → partially carbon neutral

· 8,000–12,000 t CO₂ savings per MW per year

Unit economics (per 1 MW module)

· CAPEX: €6.5–7.5 million

· OPEX: €0.9–1.2 million/year

· EBITDA: €3.2–4.1 million/year

· Payback: 3.8–5.2 years

Modular, scalable, decentralized waste gasification platform

• Small footprint, fast deployment, containerizable modules.

• Ideal for industrial parks, cities, waste treatment plants.

• The system does not burn, so the strict regulations of classic waste incinerators do not apply to it.

I. TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES

1. How can the quality (moisture, chlorine, ash) fluctuations of RDF be handled in the plasma reactor?

Answer: The two-stage structure of the system solves exactly this problem. The first, 900 °C autothermal pre-carbonization stage homogenizes the heterogeneous RDF. In this phase, moisture is converted into steam (which is necessary for the subsequent vapor plasma reaction), halogens (chlorine, fluorine) are converted into a gas phase and separated, and tars are partially broken down. An energetically and structurally stabilized, gasified hydrocarbon matrix enters the 1500 °C microwave plasma reactor, so the heterogeneous feedstock does not cause instability in the plasma.

2. How does the "autonomous energy loop" work without external electrical energy?

Answer: The 1500 °C plasma chemical process produces an extremely high-energy, hot synthesis gas H₂ and CO₂. The tail gas remaining after hydrogen separation (PSA/membrane technology) and the high-temperature waste heat from the high-pressure process are passed through an integrated steam turbine generator (OR a high-efficiency gas engine). This internal energy production (parasitic load management) covers the power requirements of the microwave magnetrons and the system's own heat requirements. Although the net hydrogen yield is somewhat reduced, the system becomes completely independent of the electricity grid.

3. What about the lifespan of plasma torches?

Do they require very little maintenance? Yes, because Project Green Flow uses electrodeless microwave plasma technology, unlike traditional arc plasma systems where metal electrodes are quickly worn down by extreme heat of 5000-15000°C and corrosive gases, requiring replacement every 150 hours. With microwave plasma, there’s no physical contact between the electrode and the plasma, and the magnetron only needs replacing every 8000 hours. This significantly reduces component wear, keeps operating costs low, and supports the continuous 24/7 operation needed for waste treatment.

4. How can 99.999% fuel cell purity be guaranteed from a waste-based system?

Answer: The key to purity is complete molecular dissociation at 1500°C. At this level, all complex hydrocarbons (tar, methane, dioxins) are broken down to their elemental atoms (\(H, C, O). Complex contaminants that would destroy the purification units in traditional gasifiers are not present. After the plasma reactor, a multi-stage gas scrubber (scrubbers against sulfur/chlorine) and a dedicated PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption) / Palladium membrane polishing unit operate, which guarantees ultra-pure quality according to ISO 14687 for the mobility market.

II. BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC QUESTIONS

5. What is the specific hydrogen yield of the system? (1 ton RDF = ? kg H2)

Answer: Depending on the composition and heating value (LHV) of the RDF, the specific yield is 165–175 kg ultrapure hydrogen / 1 ton of pyrolysis coke from RDF. A 5 MW basic capacity module processes approximately 14,000 tons of RDF per year, from which ~1,000 tons of hydrogen are produced, after deducting the internal consumption of the autonomous energy loop.

6. What is the EU regulatory status of hydrogen produced from RDF? (RED III compliance)

Answer: Under the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED III), hydrogen from the biogenic fraction of RDF (wood, paper, cotton) is considered renewable, while the part from the fossil fraction (plastics) is classified as RCF (Recycled Carbon Fuel). RED III explicitly recognizes and supports RCF fuels in hard-to-decarbonize sectors (e.g. heavy vehicles, aviation, industry), making Green Flow’s hydrogen fully eligible to meet partners’ decarbonization quotas and claim government subsidies.

7. Why is this system more cost-effective for a waste management giant than their existing WtE (Waste-to-Energy) incinerators?

Answer: For two main reasons: economic sustainability and regulatory protection. Higher margins: Traditional incinerators produce cheap electricity or heat with low efficiency. Green Flow, on the other hand, produces premium, high-value-added hydrogen, the market value of which is many times higher than electricity. ETS tax exemption: The EU is gradually extending the carbon emissions trading (ETS) obligation to waste incinerators, which is drastically reducing their profitability. Green Flow's closed technology produces a clean, concentrated CO₂ stream that can be directly captured (Carbon Capture) and sold (CCU/CCS), so the partner is exempt from incineration taxes.

🚀 AI‑Powered Space‑Grade Energy Synthesis

A World‑Exclusive System

Intelligent Microwave Steam Plasma Conversion Turning Waste into High‑Value Energy Molecules

Waste → Electricity → Synthetic Methanol → Green Hydrogen → Clean Ammonia

♻️ Turning Waste Into Value: Clean Energy and Green Molecules

Our technology converts mixed waste (RDF) into clean synthesis gas. This gas contains two key components: hydrogen (H₂) and carbon monoxide (CO). Synthesis gas is one of the world’s most important industrial feedstocks, used to produce electricity, fuels, and chemical products.

2. From Synthesis Gas to Methanol

The synthesis gas is passed through catalysts, producing methanol. Methanol is a globally traded, easily stored, and easily transported liquid energy carrier.

Why is this valuable?

· High energy density: ~22.7 MJ/kg

· The carbon in the waste becomes a valuable product, not pollution

· Methanol production is a stable, well‑established industrial process

3. Hydrogen From Methanol or Ammonia — Exactly Where It Is Needed

Methanol or ammonia can be easily converted into high‑purity hydrogen.

Why is this pathway exceptional?

3 tons of RDF → ~1 ton of carbon → ~2 tons of methanol → ~375 kg hydrogen → ~2 tons ammonia

· This yields 4× more hydrogen than direct gasification of waste

· Methanol is a liquid hydrogen carrier: no high pressure, no cryogenic storage, simple logistics

4. From Methanol to Ammonia — The Global Hydrogen Carrier

Hydrogen derived from methanol reacts with nitrogen from the air to form ammonia. Ammonia is one of the world’s most important energy carriers and fertilizer base chemicals.

Why is ammonia advantageous?

· Contains 17.6% hydrogen by weight

· Easy to store: –33 °C or 8–10 bar

· High energy density: ~18.6 MJ/kg

· Nitrogen is free, sourced directly from air

· Ammonia can be cracked back into hydrogen

· A global infrastructure already exists (shipping, rail, storage)

Mass flow example

· 3 tons RDF → ~1 ton carbon → ~2 tons methanol → ~375 kg hydrogen

· Further synthesis yields ~2.1 tons ammonia

5. Complete Value Chain — From Waste to Green Hydrogen or Green Ammonia

1. RDF → Methanol → Green Hydrogen

2. Green Hydrogen → Green Ammonia

From the synthesis gas (H₂ ~70% CO₂ ~30%) produced from waste, we can generate electricity, methanol, or ammonia. Both methanol and ammonia act as liquid hydrogen carriers, delivering large quantities of hydrogen exactly where it is needed.

The clean green energy source is synthesis gas from waste gasification.

Our global novelty is the green hydrogen technology

from our residential and tire waste, which is a Hungarian development, not only "better" than existing solutions - it represents a completely new category on the global market. Below is a precise summary of what constitutes the true novelty and why no comparable integrated, catalyst free, grid independent hydrogen platform exists today.The Current Global Landscape — and Why Others Cannot Do What You Can. Today, the global market is dominated by three technological pathways:

(A) Water Electrolysis (PEM, Alkaline, SOEC)

• 50–65 kWh/kg H₂ electricity demand

• Fully grid dependent

• Water demand: 9–12 L/kg H₂

• Cannot utilize waste as feedstock ➡ Technically and energetically not an alternative to your system.

(B) Catalytic Gasification / Reforming (Ni, Fe, Co catalysts)

• Tar formation → catalyst poisoning

• Rapid deactivation due to chlorine and sulfur

• Slag formation → reactor blockage

• 800–1100°C, but not plasma ➡ Your catalyst free microwave plasma solution is in a completely different league.

(C) Plasma Waste Treatment (face plasma, torch plasma)

• 3000–5000°C, but electrode based

• Electrode erosion → high OPEX

• Not optimized for hydrogen production

• No autonomous energy loop ➡ Your 915MHz microwave, electrode less plasma is unique worldwide.

There is currently no technology that can produce hydrogen:

• from RDF,

• without catalysts,

• using electrode less microwave plasma,

• with a fully autonomous energy cycle,

• at 99.999% purity,

• with 28–34 kWh/kg specific electricity demand,

• without water and without grid connection.

Novelty (Global Level) The system introduces multiple innovations:

• Autothermal pyrolysis + pre chlorine removal + pre desulfurization in a single step

• Self-heating 900°C carbon bed with stable reactor temperature

• Localized steam cooling to prevent ash melting

• Electrode less 915MHz microwave plasma applied to RDF derived feedstock

• Catalyst free, tar free hydrogen production

• Closed loop energy cycle (mini WtE → plasma → steam)

This combination does not appear anywhere in the scientific or industrial literature.

Position on the Global Market. Therefore, the know-how is a global novelty.

The power plant’s energy source is syngas from waste gasification.

We have developed a two-stage waste gasification system using a 1500°C microwave steam plasma that completely decomposes organic matter and produces a soot-free, NOx-free, high-hydrogen synthesis gas. There is no pyrolysis oil, no coke dust, and the solid residue is minimal and inert.

New and unique is the 50% syngas recirculation → self-stabilizing, energy-saving operation

• The recycled gas balances the fluctuating heating value of municipal solid waste (MSW).

• The reactor thermal balance is nearly self-sustaining, with minimal external energy requirements.

• Recirculation increases the lower heating value (LHV) of the gas, making the turbine branch more efficient.

• Such a recirculation logic is not present in any traditional gasifier.

Microwave steam plasma – ultra-clean, high-intensity conversion

• Microwave-excited vapor plasma provides equivalent reaction intensity above 1400–1500°C.

• Complete tar and plastic degradation at the molecular level.

• Turbine-grade synthesis gas rich in H₂/CO, without nitrogen dilution.

• NOx-free operation, as the process is completely oxygen- and air-free.

• The CaO–MgO phases of the dolomite bind HCl and SO₂, stabilize the slag and reduce corrosion.

Microwave steam plasma in technology

• Electrodeless operation (no erosion, no metal contamination)

• High reactive, OH and H radical density

• Uniform volumetric heating

• No combustion; no nitrogen dilution

• Function: Provides the thermal and chemical environment necessary for the complete decomposition of organic materials and the initiation of steam reforming reactions.

Oxygen-free operation → lower cost, cleaner gas

• No air, no oxygen → no NOx, no nitrogen dilution.

• Gas heating value is 30-40% higher than in air/oxygen gasifiers.

• No expensive NOx treatment systems → lower CAPEX/OPEX.

Modular, scalable, decentralized WtE platform

• Small footprint, fast installation, containerizable modules.

• Ideal for industrial parks, cities, waste treatment plants.

• The system does not burn, so the strict regulations of classic waste incinerators do not apply to it.

“Sustainable Energy for a Cleaner Planet”

Microwave steam‑plasma gasification delivers a high‑efficiency,

near‑zero‑sludge waste‑to‑energy solution with superior operational economics.”

72 tonns / day of RDF

🔹 Comparison: Conventional Gasification vs. Microwave Steam Plasma Technology

Conventional gasification operates at 800–1000 °C using air or steam, producing syngas mixed with tar and soot.

Its scrubber system generates large amounts of contaminated wastewater and 1–1.5 t/day of inert sludge, requiring costly disposal.

Microwave steam plasma gasification, by contrast, runs at 1200–1500 °C in a clean plasma environment.

It yields ultra‑pure syngas (CO + H₂) and only 0.2–0.3 t/day of inert salt sludge, which can be recycled or crystallized through vacuum evaporation.

The process achieves near‑zero waste, closed‑loop water reuse, and significantly lower operating costs..

Climate protection with green coal, a biochar

We design and manufacture biochar carbonizers from 2 tons/day – 50 tons/day,

• Climate protection with green coal, a biochar- Biochar is an excellent substitute for soil strength, it is more than a fertilizer e.g. the corn stalks grown on 1 ha, when charred and plowed, extract 6 tons of CO2 from our atmosphere. Biochar makes the micro-flora of infertile soil fertile, and regulates the water balance and water-holding capacity of agricultural land. It forms a good base for the microorganisms necessary for plant growth.

• Biochar composition from harvest waste: C 77.58%, Volatile matter 12.92%, SiO2 3.5%, Al2O3 1.9%, CaO 1.9%, K2O 0.1%, Na2O 0.5%, Fe2O3 0.75% , MgO 1.3%. , P2O5 0.17%) Biochar produced from animal bone is a high-calcium phosphate and low-carbon apatite mineral product, which is a macroporous and slow-dissolving natural organic P-fertilizer. Hydroxyapatite with a high phosphorus content is mostly composed of an inorganic mineral and a carbon component.

• Biochar can improve the composting process and improve itself at the same time. Reducing nitrogen loss during composting is a notable benefit when compost is supplemented with biochar. The highly absorbent surface of biochar, on the other hand, is "charged" with humic acids, plant nutrients and living microorganisms.

• Nutrient conservation. Plant nutrients are released into the ground water through leaching and into the air through evaporation. This means a decrease in the economy's efficiency and, beyond the fence, an environmental problem. Nutrient pollution is one of the most widespread, costly and challenging environmental problems caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus in air and water.

• The efficiency of the fertilizer improved significantly after the application of biochar. This was primarily observed as a reduction in the loss of plant nutrients. Like charcoal used for filtration, biochar (a type of charcoal) can help trap plant nutrients in the soil. However, it is important to note that most of the nutrients stored in the biochar are still available to the plant  it resists loss, yet can be used. Mixing biochar directly into compost for a single co-product application maximizes the nutrient retention benefits of biochar.

• Water retention. Where biochar has been applied, soils show higher water holding capacity, better water retention, increased plant available water, increased plant resilience in drought conditions, and increased productivity per unit of water. The yield benefits of adding biochar to agricultural practices in the case of irrigation, the expected result is a reduction in the amount of water needed,

• Source: EBC (2012) ‘European Biochar Certificate – Guidelines for a Sustainable Production of Biochar.’ European Biochar Foundation (EBC), Arbaz, Switzerland. http://www.european- biochar.org/en/download. Version 6.3E of 14th August 2017, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4658.7043 

Biochar patterns

tree twig, chicken litter, straw, corn stalk, furniture wood waste…

The recommended amount is 4t/ha on hard soil, 8t/ha on sandy desert areas

Sample plots for comparative measurement of yield

Thanks for watching

Jozsef Nagy

Machine manufacturing technologist

Microwave emitters - steam plasma torch specialist

contact: gumienergia@gmail.com

My philosophy

My philosophy is, never be jealous of others' success. If you can't win a race, help the one ahead of you break the record. Your candle doesn't lose its light by lighting another. Let's follow this example of supporting and lifting each other up! This is a beautiful philosophy! Supporting and lifting others not only helps them succeed, but also creates a positive and encouraging environment for everyone. It's like spreading kindness and positivity, which can make a big difference in the world."