waste to electricity

Waste is an ecological and economic resource!

Renewable energy production is a very good business opportunity for businesses.

Extra profit, investment that pays off in 40-60 months ROE (Return on Equity) 15 – 25%

Hungarian Project Overview

A flagship project to demonstrate advanced gasification technology in Hungary for energy from waste
Connection technology Nagy József gasification, adapted to the Hungarian waste composition and regulatory framework
Integrated model: local waste management → advanced gasification → distributed energy production

2. National benefits

Energy independence

Converts locally available, non-recyclable waste into reliable baseload energy
Reduces dependence on fossil fuel imports
Aligns with Hungary’s energy security objectives and REPowerEU objectives

Circular economy and waste management

Diverts waste from landfills, supporting compliance with the EU Landfill Directive
Processes municipal solid waste, industrial residues and agricultural by-products
Reduces methane emissions from landfills

3. Hungarian supply chain and local manufacturing

Local partnerships

1. Waste preparation will be handled by: Hungarian companies specialized in waste management and logistics

2. A significant part of the equipment will be products manufactured in Hungary, including:

· Reactor components

· Thermal insulation systems

· Pipelines and steel structures

· Electrical panels and control cabinets

Hungarian Contractors

1. Construction works, building construction and infrastructure development will be carried out by local contractors

2. Creates a multiplier effect in the Hungarian construction and engineering sector

4. Job creation (per module)

Phase Direct jobs Indirect jobs
Construction 40–60 80–120
Operation (in progress) 15–20 30–40
Total ~50–80 permanent jobs per module in operation, maintenance and logistics
Additional jobs in the local supply chain (transport, equipment manufacturing, services)

5. Commercial viability and investment model

The project is commercially viable without ongoing subsidies, based on:

· Entry fees for waste management

· Revenues from electricity, heat or steam sales

An investment proposal developed to attract:

· Domestic investments (Hungarian institutional investors, banks)

· Foreign direct investments (European infrastructure funds, energy investors)

This structure ensures the participation of private capital, which reduces the need for public funding, while being of public benefit.

6. Scalability and phased deployment

The first module is a kind of reference plant, demonstrating technical and commercial performance
The modular design allows for phased expansion in Hungarian regions, aligned with national waste and energy targets
Creates a replicable model for other municipalities and industrial zones

7. Aligned with national and EU priorities

Hungarian National Energy and Climate Plan
EU Circular Economy Action Plan
REPowerEU – accelerating the transition to clean energy
Just Transition Fund eligible

8. Next steps

Memorandum of Understanding with Hungarian partners (waste management companies, engineering offices)
Site identification and feasibility study
Investment structuring with Hungarian financial institutions and European investment partners
Licensing support to simplify regulatory approvals

Summary statement

This project offers Hungary a unique opportunity to to create a scalable, commercially viable waste recovery platform using jointly developed Hungarian-European technology. By involving local entrepreneurs, manufacturing domestic equipment and creating skilled jobs, the initiative will ensure energy security, circular economy benefits and investment attractiveness – all while maintaining full commercial discipline.”

MY INVENTION Plasma Assisted Hybrid Gasification Reactor with Internal Heat Recirculation and Multi Stage Tar Removal

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a multi zone, plasma assisted hybrid gasification system featuring internal heat recirculation and a multi stage gas cleaning chain for producing high purity syngas. Waste is introduced into the upper zone, where hot gas supplied through port G1 from port G6 (~800 °C) performs pre carbonization. Superheated steam (>140 °C) enters the lower zone, while gas supplied through port G2 is heated up to 1500 °C by a microwave plasma torch. Gas exiting the lower zone through port G6 is split 50–50% between ports G1 and G2, establishing a self sustaining thermal loop. Tar laden gas exits through port G3, enters a carbon bed tar filter through port G4 (“Syngas filter”), and tar free gas exits through port G5 toward a cyclone separator. The system provides stable, tar free operation and high purity syngas output.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to thermal conversion technologies for biomass and waste materials, specifically to a multi zone, plasma assisted hybrid gasification reactor with internal heat recirculation, carbon bed tar filtration, and cyclone based particulate removal for producing high purity synthesis gas.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Conventional gasifiers—downdraft, updraft, and fluidized bed systems—often suffer from tar formation, which clogs piping, damages engines and catalysts, and increases maintenance requirements. High temperature operation is essential for tar reduction, as indicated by typical operating ranges such as “steam >140 °C” and “syngas ~800 °C”.

Plasma assisted gasification is known to reduce tar, but existing systems are energy intensive and do not integrate plasma heating into the reactor’s internal thermal balance. Carbon bed tar filters and cyclone separators are also known, but they typically operate as external, passive units and do not form part of an integrated thermal chemical process.

There is therefore a need for a gasification system that:

maintains stable high temperature zones,
minimizes external energy demand,
reduces tar formation through plasma reforming,
removes residual tar reactively in a carbon bed,
removes particulates in a cyclone, and
produces high purity syngas suitable for engines, turbines, burners, or chemical synthesis.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides a hybrid gasification reactor with three functional zones and an internal heat recirculation loop. Gas exiting the lower zone at ~800 °C is split equally between the upper pre carbonization zone and the plasma torch inlet, enabling self sustaining thermal operation. Tar is removed in two stages: first by plasma reforming, then by a carbon bed tar filter. A cyclone separator removes remaining particulates.

Power plant

Capacity 100-1000 tons of waste per day

Electrical output 5MW – 100 MW

Secure power supply for new data centers 24/7

Renewable energy sources include solar, wind and “waste-to-electricity” Solar and wind energy are excellent renewable sources of electricity, but we also have to deal with the huge amount of waste, the waste is an ecological and economic resource

Our innovation for total waste gasification is an alternative pyrolysis technology, which involves the complete gasification of waste at very high temperatures, without pyrolysis oil and coal dust, partly in a plasma reaction chamber. The synthesis gas serves as a CO2-reduced fuel for gas turbines. Gas turbines, unlike steam turbines, are ideal in desert environments where water is a precious commodity.

Solar and wind energy feed the grid during sunny or windy periods, and when production drops, for example at night or in calm weather, electricity from municipal waste fills the gap, using the grid connection at full capacity 24 hours a day.

The combination of these technologies is clearly in line with market trends, with battery energy storage becoming a key tool in maximizing the value of hybrid power plants, stabilizing power and fully optimizing grid connection capacity.

The profit multiplier is the sharing of grid connections between solar and wind power plants and increasing profits by utilizing waste heat. In Mediterranean - tropical - subtropical data centers, coastal or oceanic cities, the huge amount of waste heat generated by data centers can be used to desalinate seawater by low-temperature vacuum distillation. b) In the northern part of our planet, in cold climate countries, for heating homes, institutions, offices.

The variable load power solution is a dual-fuel fast-start radial gas turbine, which can be operated with both synthesis gas and diesel. The fast-start is done with diesel, the diesel being the storable energy source. The gas turbine's output can be continuously regulated between 0-100% (power regulation) to respond quickly to changes in energy demand.

Molecular Recycling of wastes (Gasification)

Peter Kalenuk PhD, UNIVASTUM

Mechanical separation are necessary but insufficient. They cannot process the heterogenous, contaminated, and complex waste streams that constitute the residual 30-50%. The Molecular Frontier – Gasification as the Ultimate "Separation" If the limit of physical separation is the molecule, then technologies that achieve molecular deconstruction represent the pinnacle of recycling philosophy. This is where advanced gasification and related thermochemical processes enter.

How It Works: From Waste to Syngas. Unlike mass-burn incineration that simply oxidizes waste to produce heat, advanced gasification is a controlled thermal process using high heat (typically 700°C to 1500°C) in an oxygen-limited environment. This "partial oxidation" does not combust the waste but instead breaks apart the molecular bonds in virtually all organic components (plastics, paper, textiles, food waste, biomass) and even some inorganics. The complex hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, and polymers are shattered, reforming into a primarily gaseous mixture called synthesis gas or "syngas." This syngas is predominantly carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂)—the universal molecular building blocks of chemistry.

The New Products – Building a Circular Society from Molecular Feedstock. This is where the vision becomes tangible. The molecules from our waste are no longer destined for a hole in the ground or a smokestack; they become the literal foundation for a sustainable industrial society.

Conclusion…

For too long, "recycling" has been synonymous with sorting and melting. "Waste-to-Energy" has meant just that—getting BTU value from destruction. This paradigm has hit its logical and practical limit at a global recovery rate of roughly 50%.

The next frontier is chemical. By embracing molecular recycling through gasification, we stop seeing a tangled mess of waste and start seeing a reservoir of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms—the very atoms that make up our fuels, our products, and our built environment.

We move from managing waste to mining the anthropogenic mine. The ultimate form of recycling is not putting a bottle back into a bottle. It is breaking that bottle, and everything around it, down to its elemental essence and then having the technological sovereignty to rebuild from those molecules the materials and energy a sustainable civilization requires. That is the true meaning of maximum processing and reuse. The technology exists.

The question now is one of will, investment, and policy to integrate this final, decisive piece into the global circular economy puzzle.

Demonstration plant that can be visited, electrical output: 1.85 MW

Solar and wind power plants with Waste-to-Electricity

A very practical perspective on clean energy that is available 24 hours a day. A combination of solar, wind and waste-to-energy technologies to provide clean, reliable and continuous energy supply.

The combination of these technologies is clearly in line with market trends, with battery energy storage becoming a key tool in maximizing the value of hybrid power plants, stabilizing performance and fully optimizing grid connection capacity.

Solar and wind energy are excellent renewable sources of electricity, but we also need to deal with the huge amount of waste that generates electricity, for example by sharing the grid connection of solar and wind power plants.

We are building “waste-to-electricity” power plants. Our innovation for complete waste gasification in power plants is an alternative pyrolysis technology that focuses on the complete gasification of waste at very high temperatures of 2500℃-6500℃, partly in a plasma reaction space.

Syngas is NOx-free, tar-free and hydrogen-rich (~60%) for methanol synthesis or as a fuel for gas turbines. The gas turbine – together with the steam turbine – is ideal in desert environments where water is a valuable commodity.

Profits can be increased by sharing the grid connection of solar and wind power plants. Solar and wind power feed the grid during sunny or windy periods, and when production drops, for example at night or in calm weather, electricity from municipal waste fills the gap, using the grid connection at full capacity 24 hours a day.

New data centers power supply

· Electricity for new data centers. A combination of three energy sources – solar, wind and waste-to-energy – can generate electricity for new data centers.

· Solar and wind are excellent renewable sources of electricity, but we also have to deal with the huge amount of waste that can generate electricity.

· Solar and wind power feed the grid during sunny or windy periods, and when production drops, for example at night or in calm weather, electricity generation (gas turbine output adjustable from 0-100%) can start at the full capacity of the grid connection, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, using electricity generated from municipal, plastic and tire waste.

· Our innovation for complete waste gasification is an alternative pyrolysis technology, which involves the complete gasification of waste at very high temperatures (1800℃ - 5000℃), without pyrolysis oil and coal dust, partly in a plasma reaction chamber.

· Syngas is NOx-free, tar-free, low CO2 and hydrogen-rich (~60%) for methanol synthesis or as a fuel for gas turbines. Gas turbines, unlike steam turbines, are ideal for desert environments where water is a precious commodity.

· The combination of these technologies is clearly in line with market trends, with battery energy storage becoming a key tool in maximizing the value of hybrid power plants, stabilizing energy and fully optimizing grid connection capacity

· Waste heat from oceanfront cities data centers can be used to desalinate seawater through low-temperature vacuum distillation.

This is a compelling and highly relevant approach to hybrid power generation – especially as demand for data centers grows and grid operators seek stable, controllable capacity to complement solar and wind power. The high-temperature full gasification process and hydrogen-rich syngas production simultaneously address two critical challenges: waste management and reliable, on-demand power generation. The ability can to control the output of gas turbines from 0 to 100%, with the ability to operate 24/7 makes this model particularly valuable in regions with variable renewable energy profiles or limited water resources.

Microwave plasma hydrogen production.

Hydrogen is one of the most promising renewable and environmentally friendly energy sources.

Hydrogen is the energy source of the future. The applicability of hydrogen in fuel cells increases the interest in new hydrogen sources and production methods. The main traditional techniques for hydrogen production from hydrocarbon fuels (steam reforming, partial oxidation and autothermal reforming) suffer from problems such as catalyst poisoning, size and weight requirements, compactness, dynamic behavior (slow reaction) and limitations of hydrogen production from heavy hydrocarbons. In plasma, the energy and free radicals required for reforming reactions are provided by the plasma itself. Plasma eliminates the need for a catalyst in systems. It plays a catalytic role, as highly active species such as electrons, ions and radicals can significantly increase the reaction rate

Microwave plasma hydrogen production, the plasma high energy density leads to compactness of the system and fast response times can be achieved due to the electrical operation of the system. Generally, non-thermal plasmas due to their non-equilibrium properties have low power requirements and capacity to induce physical and chemical reactions in gases at relatively low temperature.

in the plasma, the overall reforming reactions are in fact the same as in conventional reforming, but the energy and the free radicals used for the reforming reaction are provided by the plasma itself. The plasma eliminates the need for a catalyst in the systems. It plays a catalytic role because highly active species such as electrons, ions and radicals may significantly enhance the reaction rate. Plasma systems can be applied to various hydrocarbons including natural gas, gasoline, heavy oils, and bio fuels, as well as biomass.

Biogas is regarded as a new ecological and renewable hydrogen source. It becomes an alternative for methane, which has so far been a common hydrogen source. Biogas is a gas formed during the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. It can be produced from raw materials such as green waste, household waste, agricultural waste, municipal waste, sewage etc.

Plasma chemistry

When an electromagnetic wave propagates in the plasma, certain reactions occur between the particles.

The main types of reactions are:

Elastic collision and inelastic collision: such reactions lead to an exchange of energy between particles;
Excitation and ionization: such reactions result in an increase in the number of free electrons or a change in the energy level of the atom.
Charge transfer: this type of reaction results in an equivalent charge transfer between the particles.
This kind of reaction mainly takes place in the collision process of ions and neutral particles.
Charge recombination: it has two forms - diffusion and recombination.
Diffusion is the process by which a charged particle reaches the wall and electrode to disappear.
Recombination is a process in which positive ions capture a free electron and combine with electrons or negative ions to form new neutral atoms.

Microwave steam plasma torch

Without fossil fuels heat source 5000C NO_xand CO₂free emissions

Methanol is tomorrow’s hydrogen, today

It is an extremely efficient hydrogen carrier, packing more hydrogen in one simple alcohol molecule than can be found in hydrogen. Being a liquid at ambient conditions, methanol can be handled, stored, and transported with ease by leveraging existing infrastructure that supports the global trade of methanol. Methanol reformers are able to generate on-demand hydrogen at the point of use to avoid the complexity and high cost associated with the logistics of hydrogen as a fuel. Methanol can also be produced from sustainable and green pathways to allow it to be a carrier of low carbon, and potentially carbon-neutral, hydrogen.

Fuel cells use hydrogen as a fuel to produce clean and efficient electricity that can power cars, trucks, buses, ships, cell phone towers, homes and businesses. Methanol is an excellent hydrogen carrier fuel, packing more hydrogen in this simple alcohol molecule than can be found in hydrogen that’s been compressed (350-700 bar) or liquified (-253˚C).

Methanol can be “reformed” on-site at a fueling station to generate hydrogen for fuel cell cars. Or in stationary power units feeding fuel cells for mobile phone towers, construction sites, or ocean buoys. Methanol fuel cells can be fueled just as quickly as your current gasoline or diesel vehicle, and can extend the range of a battery electric vehicle from 200 km to over over 1,000 km.

Since methanol can be produced from a wide range of conventional and renewable feedstocks, it is the most affordable, sustainable and easily handled hydrogen carrier fuel.

Wind turbine blades

Wind turbine blades can be reused in a non-thermal microwave plasma field where the electron temperature is much higher than the generated gas temperature, including the vibrational and rotational temperature of the molecules. In the plasma space, all complex compounds such as resins, aromatic molecules and tars are effectively degraded and separated from the inorganic glass fiber reinforcement.

Our environmental protection innovation is the application of microwave technology. During the conversion of waste to syngas in the non-thermal microwave plasma field, the temperature of the electrons is much higher than the temperature of the generated gas, including the vibrational and rotational temperature of the molecules. In the plasma space, all complex compounds such as resins, aromatic molecules and tars are effectively degraded and separated from the inorganic part.

Plasmas contain reactive substances, especially ions, radicals or other oxidizing compounds, which can break down polluting molecules, organic particles, e.g. tar and soot. It is excellent for the removal of heavily polluted air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) and their fluorine-containing derivatives (FOC), the synthesis of special gases and the production of nanoparticles.

Extraction of non-ferrous metals and precious metals from electronic waste.

Electronic waste, PCB, plastic waste with metal, etc. which it is only possible to safely smelt the non-ferrous metal - precious metal content after carbonization. The resulting non-ferrous metal - precious metal alloy can be decomposed into its highly pure 99.99% alloying metals (gold, palladium, silver, copper, aluminium, tin, lead, etc.)

Our innovation in environmental protection is the use of microwave technology Carbonization prior to smelting facilitates environmental approval in terms of emission limits, because during carbonization, we filter out the polluting components in the organic and inorganic condensate / condensate that would have gone out the smelter's chimney without carbonization. The carbonisation of waste in microwave vapor plasma.

The main advantage of steam plasma reactors is that there is no nitrogen in the microwave vapor plasma the plasma reactor, the gasifier and the plasma afterburner chamber, so there is no nitrogen oxides is 40 times more toxic CO, minimum carbon dioxid and odorless the emissione. The hydrogen introduced into the reaction space with the steam plasma slows down the reactions of gaseous sulphur, phosphorus and free chlorine formation to remove in the gas purification unit. When reacting with chlorine-containing substances, the microwave vapor plasma does not produce dioxin, which is one of the most toxic substances.

Our innovation on waste total gasification…

Our innovation centers on waste gasification for "waste-to-electricity" power plants, utilizing complete gasification in a plasma environment without producing oil and coal dust. Electricity can meet all of humanity’s energy needs. While solar and wind energy are fantastic renewable sources, efficient waste management is essential. With the growing global population, waste generation is also increasing, making waste-to-electricity power plants an ideal solution.

We are building power plants that use syngas and RDF from tires as fuel for gas turbines. Our advanced gasification process eliminates the production of pyrolysis oil, coal dust and oil sludge. The resulting syngas is free of NOx, tar and has reduced CO2 emissions. This syngas drives gas turbines to generate electricity, while ORC technology utilizes the waste heat from the turbines. The combined electrical efficiency reaches 33% for turbines/motors and 18% for ORC.

We are introducing environmentally friendly innovation to waste recycling by using microwave technology. The gasification process requires electricity, and microwave steam flares consume about 15% of the energy produced, resulting in a tar-free, nitrogen oxide-free, hydrogen-rich (about 60%) synthesis gas. This technology takes advantage of the intrinsic properties of microwave plasma to effectively break down gaseous components. The high temperatures in the plasma jets can break down organic or biological materials, neutralize strong toxins, and melt or vaporize stubborn inorganic materials, thereby significantly reducing waste.

Our syngas generator® that produces fuel for the gas engine power generator.

A very important aspect at gasification, only pyrolyzed carbon - from RDF / plastic / tire / etc. - can be gasified to a quality suitable for a gas engine. Filter out the tar from the synthesis gas with the resulting pyrolytic carbon, then gasify the tarry pyrolytic coal. The tar produced during the refining of pyrolytic oil can be gasified to produce electricit, very importante because it is very important to know that the tar left over from the refining is 60% of the pyrolytic oil, this is a big loss of energy, so this must also be used for electricity!

Syngas calorific value option selection

From air oxygen, when the calorific value of the produced syngas is 5-6 MJ/Nm3 (since the nitrogen content of the air is 78%, which reduces the calorific value of syngas)
With a microwave steam plasma torch, when the heating value of the produced syngas is 25-30 MJ/Nm3 (water vapor plasma consists exclusively of hydrogen and oxygen; both components are active reagents that participate in oxidation-reduction reactions. There is no ballast, such as air plasma nitrogen, where its percentage is 78%)

Syngas generator® for demonstration

Our waste recovery's environmental protection innovation incorporates microwave technology

Microwave reactors are remarkable for their ability to achieve average operating temperatures around 2500 ℃, with material heating rates ranging from 100-1000 °C/s. The high temperatures, coupled with the strong ionizing effect of microwave plasma, result in the complete breakdown of complex carbon-containing molecules into simpler molecules and ions. The microwave in reactor space it creates a high-temperature field (1500-4000 °C) that efficiently disintegrates all complex compounds, such as resins, aromatic molecules, tars, etc. This technology leverages the intrinsic properties of microwave plasma for the effective decomposition of gaseous components. High temperatures in plasma jets can disintegrate organic or biological materials, neutralize potent toxins, and melt or vaporize stubborn inorganic substances, thus reducing waste significantly.

Tire waste for heating

· In the gasification space, e.g. the tire is pyrolytically broken down into hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. Here, we maintain an oxygen-poor environment in the primary reaction space. CO₂ is reduced to CO in the glowing carbon layer, where most of the sulfur in the reducing glowing carbon layer reacts with the steel wires of the tire above 900℃, where iron (III) sulfide (Fe₂S₃) is first formed, and then immediately iron (II) is reduced to sulfide. The complete oxidation takes place in the fire chamber at a temperature of 1300℃, with the oxygen of the secondary air mixed with the synthetic gas produced in the gasification chamber. The adjustment of the air-oxygen ratio is controlled by an automatic λ-probe (oxygen sensor) in order to maintain perfect combustion. In the absorber attached to the boiler, the remaining sulfur content is captured as salable gypsum (CaSO₄). An aqueous solution of urea (urethane) is injected into the firebox to reduce NOx.

· Material balance, e.g. The amount of rubber chips required for 100kWth heat output is 15kg/hour, its calorific value is 34 MJ/kg. The amount of slag produced is 3.5kg/hour, its composition is 2kg/hour of mineral matter and ~1.5kg/hour of spent steel wire. The slag can be taken out from the afterburner part, and the steel wire from the upper gasification part once a day. The slag can be disposed of, and the steel wire, free of rubber, can be delivered to smelting as useful iron. The concentrations of the components of harmful substances in the outgoing flue gas comply with EU directives 2000/76/EC, and are significantly below the permissible upper limit.

Our method of filtering flue gas for quality according to EU 2000/76 / EC directives

By means of flue gas filtering, the small power plant is inexhaustible for the renewable - with more and more raw materials annually. For the production of electrical and thermal energy from wastes, it is necessary to filter the flue gas produced during the combustion process from the combustion, which is ensured by the ceramic filters and by injecting the adsorbents in front of the filters to the pollutant content according to the EU 2000/76 / EC directives, to the air quality. Emissions from flue gas are below the permissible air emission limits provided by the ceramic filter. The flue gas is filtered with ceramic filters by adding adsorbents. The emitted flue gas component is continuously monitored by the analyzer, the measurement results are documented by continuous data recording.

Energiaügyi Minisztérium Hungary 2023. január 23. Dr. Raisz Anikó államtitkár úrhölgy válasz leveléből:

"a használt gumiabroncsok olyan berendezésekben égethetők, amelyek megfelelnek a hulladékégetés műszaki követelményeiről, működési feltételeiről és a hulladék égetés technológiai kibocsátási határértékeiről 29/2014. (XI.28.) FM rendeletben foglalt követelményeknek. Amennyiben ezeknek a feltételeknek a berendezés megfelel, akkor a területi környezetvédelmi hatóság engedélyével üzemeltethető"

A videón bemutatott berendezés megfelel a fenti 29/2014. (XI.28.) FM rendelet követelményeinek!

Description of the catalytic conversion of foam ceramic filter elements by calcination

Raschig foam ceramic, which Ni, Cu, Mn, Pt, etc. can be made catalytic with metals, e.g. with the following procedure for Ni

We use nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni [NO₃ ]2, 6H₂O), AR - grade and calcium nitrate (Ca [NO₃ ]2, 4H₂ O), AR - grade. Precursors for the preparation of solutions in three different mass ratios 1: 5, 2: 5 and 4: 5. Then, the large-surface ceramic ring carriers are soaked in precursor solutions in a hot pool at 70 °C, and then the gel solution is dried. The wet impregnated and then dried Raschig ceramics were heated in the oven at 110 °C for 24 hours and then calcined at 950 °C for 6 hours. The calcined Raschig catalyzed finished ceramic is stored at room temperature in a closed container next to silica gel.

Electricity from waste heat

Our machine resource for electric power generation…

The centrepiece of a waste heat power plant is the swing piston-driven vapour expansion engine (the swing piston expander), which was developed by ourselves, and is manufactured. The swing piston-driven expansion engines achieve an exceptionally high pressure difference, resulting in a much steeper enthalpy gradient and consequently much more electricity is generated compared to related technologies.

Another considerable advantage of the swing piston-driven expansion engines lies in its impressive partial load capability. The novelty of our system is the use of a motorized "hot air engine" driving the electric generator as a resource expander. The external combustion heat engine is an external heat engine with reciprocating crankshaft mechanism.

Operating temperature 100°C – 600°C on 10 bar – 60bar amd expansion ratio 1:10 → 1:60

Schematic of a gap-controlled steam-gas expander engine or compressor

Heat pipe heat exchangers®

100℃ - 1600℃

Heat pipe heat exchangers® works very cheaply, no power is required for its operation, heat exchanger thermal efficiency 98%. Heat Pipes have been referred to as thermal “superconductors” as they have the ability to transfer 1000 times more thermal conductivity than a solid copper conductor of equivalent size.

Characteristics of the “superconducting heat exchanger”

• No electricity is required for its operation, so no connection is required

• No maintenance is required, its heat transfer metal surface is kept metallically clean by ion deposition

• Its lifespan is infinite, as there are no aging plastic, moving, or wearing parts

Climate protection with green coal, a biochar

We design and manufacture biochar carbonizers from 2 tons/day – 50 tons/day,

Climate protection with green coal, a biochar- Biochar is an excellent substitute for soil strength, it is more than a fertilizer e.g. the corn stalks grown on 1 ha, when charred and plowed, extract 6 tons of CO2 from our atmosphere. Biochar makes the micro-flora of infertile soil fertile, and regulates the water balance and water-holding capacity of agricultural land. It forms a good base for the microorganisms necessary for plant growth.

Biochar composition from harvest waste: C 77.58%, Volatile matter 12.92%, SiO2 3.5%, Al2O3 1.9%, CaO 1.9%, K2O 0.1%, Na2O 0.5%, Fe2O3 0.75% , MgO 1.3%. , P2O5 0.17%) Biochar produced from animal bone is a high-calcium phosphate and low-carbon apatite mineral product, which is a macroporous and slow-dissolving natural organic P-fertilizer. Hydroxyapatite with a high phosphorus content is mostly composed of an inorganic mineral and a carbon component.

Biochar can improve the composting process and improve itself at the same time. Reducing nitrogen loss during composting is a notable benefit when compost is supplemented with biochar. The highly absorbent surface of biochar, on the other hand, is "charged" with humic acids, plant nutrients and living microorganisms.

Nutrient conservation. Plant nutrients are released into the ground water through leaching and into the air through evaporation. This means a decrease in the economy's efficiency and, beyond the fence, an environmental problem. Nutrient pollution is one of the most widespread, costly and challenging environmental problems caused by excess nitrogen and phosphorus in air and water.

The efficiency of the fertilizer improved significantly after the application of biochar. This was primarily observed as a reduction in the loss of plant nutrients. Like charcoal used for filtration, biochar (a type of charcoal) can help trap plant nutrients in the soil. However, it is important to note that most of the nutrients stored in the biochar are still available to the plant it resists loss, yet can be used. Mixing biochar directly into compost for a single co-product application maximizes the nutrient retention benefits of biochar.

Water retention. Where biochar has been applied, soils show higher water holding capacity, better water retention, increased plant available water, increased plant resilience in drought conditions, and increased productivity per unit of water. The yield benefits of adding biochar to agricultural practices in the case of irrigation, the expected result is a reduction in the amount of water needed,

Source: EBC (2012) ‘European Biochar Certificate – Guidelines for a Sustainable Production of Biochar.’ European Biochar Foundation (EBC), Arbaz, Switzerland. http://www.european- biochar.org/en/download. Version 6.3E of 14th August 2017, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4658.7043

Biochar patterns

tree twig, chicken litter, straw, corn stalk, furniture wood waste…

The recommended amount is 4t/ha on hard soil, 8t/ha on sandy desert areas

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Sample plots for comparative measurement of yield

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Pyrolysis of lignite, production of biochar from lignite with our carbonization equipment.

I gave a successful demonstration on lignite gasification to the owners and technical managers of Hungarian lignite mines in 2013 for the management of Ormos Szén Kft. Lignite does not need to be crushed, because during gasification, the spongy activated carbon breaks down into granules, losing its water and oil content. The spongy activated green carbon made from lignite, when mixed with decanted sludge generated in biogas plants or on cattle and pig farms, is an excellent soil strength supplement. Climate-protecting green carbon (biochar) is more than a fertilizer. Biochar makes the microflora of infertile soil fertile, regulates the water balance and water retention capacity of agricultural areas. It forms a good basis for microorganisms necessary for plant growth.

Biochar carbonization continuous operation

Thanks for watching

Jozsef Nagy

Machine manufacturing technologist

Microwave emitters - steam plasma torch specialist

contact: gumienergia@gmail.com

Joe Nagy | LinkedIn

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I am a mechanical engineering technologist. My innovation focus on waste total gasification for “waste-to-electricity” power plants is an alternative pyrolysis technology for generating electricity from waste. The focus of my innovation is the complete gasification of waste at very high temperatures of 2500-6500 ℃, partly in a plasma reaction space.

Total gasification of waste is an alternative technology on the global market, a future alternative to traditional waste pyrolysis. The synthesis gas is NOx-free, tar-free and hydrogen-rich (~60%) for methanol synthesis or fuel for gas turbines. The gas turbine – together with the steam turbine – is ideal for desert environments where water is a valuable commodity, this makes it particularly suitable for use in water-scarce desert regions.

The partial plasma technology is suitable for the complete gasification of municipal waste in quantities, in addition, we have a complete sorting system for the sorting of municipal solid waste (MSW). We design and build power plants that generate electricity from municipal waste and waste tires.

Molecular Recycling of wastes (Gasification) Mechanical separation are necessary but insufficient. They cannot process the heterogenous, contaminated, and complex waste streams that constitute the residual 30-50%. The Molecular Frontier – Gasification as the Ultimate "Separation" If the limit of physical separation is the molecule, then technologies that achieve molecular deconstruction represent the pinnacle of recycling philosophy. This is where advanced gasification and related thermochemical processes enter.

I am looking for business and professional partners who are interested in my technology and I am happy to share my expertise with them.

My philosophy

My philosophy is, never be jealous of others' success. If you can't win a race, help the one ahead of you break the record. Your candle doesn't lose its light by lighting another. Let's follow this example of supporting and lifting each other up! This is a beautiful philosophy! Supporting and lifting others not only helps them succeed, but also creates a positive and encouraging environment for everyone. It's like spreading kindness and positivity, which can make a big difference in the world."